Action-based effects on music perception

The classical, disembodied approach to music cognition conceptualizes action and perception as separate, peripheral processes. In contrast, embodied accounts of music cognition emphasize the central role of the close coupling of action and perception. It is a commonly established fact that perception spurs action tendencies. We present a theoretical framework that captures the ways in which the human motor system and its actions can reciprocally influence the perception of music. The cornerstone of this framework is the common coding theory, postulating a representational overlap in the brain between the planning, the execution, and the perception of movement. The integration of action and perception in so-called internal models is explained as a result of associative learning processes. Characteristic of internal models is that they allow intended or perceived sensory states to be transferred into corresponding motor commands (inverse modeling), and vice versa, to predict the sensory outcomes of planned actions (forward modeling). Embodied accounts typically refer to inverse modeling to explain action effects on music perception (Leman, 2007). We extend this account by pinpointing forward modeling as an alternative mechanism by which action can modulate perception. We provide an extensive overview of recent empirical evidence in support of this idea. Additionally, we demonstrate that motor dysfunctions can cause perceptual disabilities, supporting the main idea of the paper that the human motor system plays a functional role in auditory perception. The finding that music perception is shaped by the human motor system and its actions suggests that the musical mind is highly embodied. However, we advocate for a more radical approach to embodied (music) cognition in the sense that it needs to be considered as a dynamical process, in which aspects of action, perception, introspection, and social interaction are of crucial importance

Climate change: Why the conspiracy theories are dangerous

Uncertainty surrounds the public understanding of climate change and provides fertile ground for conspiracy theories. Typically, such conspiracy theories assert that climate scientists and politicians are distorting or hijacking the science to suit their own purposes. Climate change conspiracy theories resemble other conspiracy theories in some respects, but in others they appear to be quite different. For example, climate change conspiracy theories appear to be motivated by the desire to deny or minimize an unwelcome and threatening conclusion. They also appear to be more contentious than other types of conspiracy theories. Perhaps to an unparalleled extent, people on both sides of the issue champion climate change conspiracy theories. Finally, more than other conspiracy theories, those concerning climate change appear to be more politically loaded, dividing opinion across the left-right continuum. Some empirical evidence suggests that climate change conspiracy theories may be harmful, steering people away from environmentally friendly initiatives. They therefore present a significant challenge for governments and environmental organizations that are attempting to convince people to take action against global warming

How do children share information in groups?

Group decision making should be particularly beneficial when group members share unique information, because then a group can make a better decision than each group member alone. This study examined how elementary-school children share unique information during group decision making. Seventy-nine groups of 3 same-sex and same-age 7- and 9-year-old children (N = 237) had to decide which 1 of 2 hypothetical candidates should play the lead role in a school musical. When information was unshared, group members had to exchange their uniquely held information to identify the best candidate. Only a minority of groups picked the best candidate when information was unshared. Yet, groups of 7-year-old children were better at identifying the best candidate and were less likely to focus on the discussion of shared information than groups of 9-year-olds. These findings are interpreted with reference to processes underlying information sharing in groups, namely collective information sampling, preference-consistent evaluation, and collaborative inhibition/intersubjectivity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved

PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PROSES KARBURISING MENGGUNAKAN NaCO3 DAN BaCO3 DENGAN MEDIA ARANG POHON BAKAU PADA BAJA KARBON RENDAH

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan BaCO3 dan NaCO3 pada serbuk arang pohon bakau sebagai media karburasi untuk meningkatkan kualitas proses karburising terhadap baja karbon rendah dalam memperbaiki sifat fisis dan mekanis permukaannya. Baja lunak dengan komposisi kimia 98,43% Fe dan 0,156% C dipilih sebagai substrat dan dibuat benda uji berukuran (Ø20x10) mm3. Setelah batang pohon dibuat menjadi arang kemudian di haluskan dan diayak lolos mesh 30. NaCO3 dan BaCO3 ditambahkan masing-masing sebanyak 0, 15, 20, 25, dan 30% berat. Proses pack karburising dipilih menggunakan kotak karburising terbuat dari pipa baja diameter 2 inchi dan tebal 2 mm. Bagian bawahnya ditutup dengan plat baja setebal 2 mm dengan cara di las. Tutup terbuat dari plat baja setebal 2 mm dan ditutupkan pas masuk ke dalam pipa. Proses karburising dilakukan pada suhu 850 0C dengan lama proses 2, 3, dan 4 jam. Setelah itu, benda uji dipanaskan kembali pada suhu 850 0C dan ditahan 5 menit dan dicelup secara mendadak pada air bersuhu 28 0C. Perubahan sifat yang terjadi di eksaminasi melalui pengamatan struktur mikro, pengukuran case depth, dan pengujian kekerasan mikro Vickers pada permukaan,. Dari hasil eksaminasi menunjukkan bahwa BaCO3 lebih efektif dari pada NaCO3 jika ditambahkan pada serbuk arang pohon bakau. Pada proses karburising 2 jam, penambahan 30% BaCO3 membentuk lapisan case depth 350 µm, sedang penambahan 15 dan 20% NaCO3 terbentuk case depth setebal 300 µm. Kata kunci: arang pohon bakau, pack karburisng, natrium karbonat, barium karbonat FT, 2007 (PEND. TEK. MESIN

Polyfunctional fluorosilicone composition, method for making, and use

A fluorosilicone crosslinker and method for making is provided. Reaction is effected between a silanol terminated polyfluoroalkyl silicone fluid and a polyalkoxysilane in the presence of a Platinum Group Metal catalyst. The fluorosilicone crosslinker can be used in combination with a silanol terminated fluoroalkyl substituted polydiorganosiloxane to formulate a neutral, condensation curable, solvent resistant sealant

Local Exhaust Ventilation and Application: A Review

The industries that are involved in the production of dangerous chemicals requires Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV) for separating employees to hazards. LEV purpose is to separate contaminants from the source it generated. The objective of this paper is to look at a number of studies related to the LEV and its applications. The discussions are divided to several parts such as application in construction industries, buildings, manufacturing industries, workshops and paint manufacturers. Ongoing monitoring, maintenance and effective personal protective equipment (PPE) are necessary to ensure the spray booths can be managed properly and avoid employee exposure to contaminants. Ventilation design in buildings, equipment selection and use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is highly suggested in that application. There are no exposures to hazardous materials to the building users in the construction of hospitals and others. Use of push-pull ventilation method is an efficient. The future phase of ventilation system in airplanes and hawker centre will be the consumer's attention

Design of Local Exhaust Ventilation for Spray Booths: Proposed Study

Workers are exposed to contaminant at workplace. Employers in Malaysia shall comply with Factories and Machineries Act 1967 and Occupational Safety and Health 1994 to minimize the exposure that hazardous to workers health. Engineering control such as to provide Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV) is to control contaminant to the employees. This report is a research proposal to carry out for Local Exhaust Ventilation study at Automobile Assembly Plant in Malaysia focusing in spray paint to look on current design and purpose new design and advanced material to the system. Data collections are based on survey questionnaires, chemical monitoring, LEV inspection, testing and examination. Expected results are comparison from experimental, analytical and finite-element used in automotive industries prediction of advanced material will propose to the systems

Validation of Phonon Physics in the CDMS Detector Monte Carlo

The SuperCDMS collaboration is a dark matter search effort aimed at detecting the scattering of WIMP dark matter from nuclei in cryogenic germanium targets. The CDMS Detector Monte Carlo (CDMS-DMC) is a simulation tool aimed at achieving a deeper understanding of the performance of the SuperCDMS detectors and aiding the dark matter search analysis. We present results from validation of the phonon physics described in the CDMS-DMC and outline work towards utilizing it in future WIMP search analyses.Comment: 6 Pages, 5 Figures, Proceedings of Low Temperature Detectors 14 Conferenc